What is the lowest federal court, when a case comes b4 the supreme court, how might they choose to handle it ?

Lowest Federal Court is the Federal District Court. A state can have dozens of districts. The only cases that come before the Supreme Court are cases of original jurisdiction such as issues between states. This is a small % of its workload. the other 98% of its cases the court chooses to hear. They can reject an appeal from a lower court ';stare decisis'; or they can hear a case on appeal and decide there is no standing in which case the appeal evaporates or they can recommend case specifics or make a general ruling that often adds to the precedent body of rulings that establish general court trends.